Dogs come in an endless variety of shapes and sizes, and each has its own individual character and temperament. If you are looking for an affectionate and loyal companion and you are sure that you can devote sufficient time and resources to satisfy his needs, then a dog is the pet for you. The puppy you choose now will become an integral part of your family for the next 10 to 15 years or even longer.
A little careful thought at this stage will help you to avoid making a decision that you later regret.
You may already have some idea of your ideal dog. Perhaps you have had some experience with a particular breed. Now you must consider your own circumstances and the characteristics of your chosen breed and try to match up the two. Here are some things you should consider before getting a new puppy:
Assess your own circumstances
What type of dog?
Where to find your puppy?
What to look for
What you should expect?
Assess your own circumstances
How much time can you devote to the new puppy?
Dogs are social animals. They need a lot of attention, especially when young, and you must be able to set aside sufficient time for training, exercise and grooming. Housebreaking puppies, in particular, will be difficult if you are not around during this critical period.
How much space do you have?
The size of your house and yard and, more importantly, the availability of open spaces nearby for exercise, will influence the size, breed and type of dog you should choose. A Newfoundland would feel cramped in a small apartment, and a Greyhound, which needs to stretch its legs, may not be happy in the middle of a town.
How much exercise can you and your family give your dog?
Are you physically able to give your dog the exercise he needs? Some breeds need more exercise than others. Another thing to consider is your schedule and whether it allows you to give your dog the regular daily exercise and amount of activity that they need.
How much can you afford?
You will have to take into account the initial cost of your puppy, but factor in that other costs will continue for the rest of his life. The daily costs of feeding a small dog are obviously going to be less than those for a giant breed, but don't forget that you also need to budget for veterinary fees (for routine and unexpected visits), boarding during vacations, and regular professional grooming for certain breeds.
How much experience with dogs do you have?
We do not recommend that first-time dog owners choose breeds that are difficult to train or that may find it easy to intimidate their owners. It’s important to consider what kind of dog will fit your experience level and lifestyle. Doing some research into different breeds and dog personalities can help to answer these questions.
Why do you want a dog?
Most people choose to keep a dog for companionship, but your choice of breed may be influenced by whether he is also expected to have a protective or working role and if you intend to show or breed your dog. For example if you want a dog who will help protect your house and make you feel secure, then this should be taken into account when choosing the breed of your dog.
What type of dog?
Having determined your own limitations, you should now consider the characteristics of the dog you choose. Familiarize yourself with different dog breeds by visiting dog shows, talking to breeders and other dog owners, and by reading books and magazines relating to the dog world.
A purebred dog or a mixed breed?
Although each individual dog has its own character, some generalizations can be made about each breed that can give you some idea of how the puppy will grow as an adult. A crossbred or mongrel puppy can be very appealing, and can have many good traits, but its adult size and temperament may be difficult to predict, especially if you cannot see the parents.
A large dog or a small dog?
Remember that large dogs generally need more living space and regular exercise, and will cost more to feed.
Long or short hair?
Long-haired dogs can be very attractive, but they need regular grooming to keep their coat clean and in good condition. Some of these dogs may need to be clipped in summer. Smooth-haired dogs need less attention and are cleaner in wet weather.
What are the natural abilities and tendencies of the breed?
A Border Collie that has been bred to work sheep may be easily bored and frustrated if left alone or inactive for long periods. Be sure that you can offer your dog the sort of lifestyle that suits his nature--an unhappy dog is more likely to have behavioural problems.
Male or female?
Male dogs tend to be larger than females of the same breed and may be a little more extroverted. Some owners think that females are more affectionate and home-loving and may be better with children. However, a female will come "into heat" twice a year as part of her reproductive cycle, and unless you are prepared to have her spayed, this could be an inconvenient time for you.
Do you really want a puppy, or could you give an adult dog a home?
Most people would prefer to raise and train their dog from an early age, but don't dismiss adult dogs. They are still capable of giving you tremendous loyalty and affection. There are some advantages: they are usually already trained, their adult temperament will be apparent, and they will have passed through the most destructive phase--puppyhood. However, before you take on an adult dog, try to ascertain why he has become available. He may not suit you any more than he did his previous owners.
Where to find your puppy?
Having chosen your ideal type of dog, where should you go to find him? The best place to get a purebred puppy is from a recognized and reputable breeder. You may find breeders through other dog owners, your veterinarian, advertisements in newspapers and dog magazines, or by visiting dog shows. Don't buy from a dealer who brings in puppies from several sources. These puppies may have been weaned too early and may have traveled long distances in a state of fear and confusion before reaching their destination. The risk of disease and stress-induced illness is greater for these puppies. Animal shelters are another great source for pets, although sometimes it can be harder to find puppies as opposed to older dogs. It’s best to check back at your neighbourhood shelter regularly as new puppies often go quickly!
What to look for?
You should ask to see the puppy with its mother; this way you can see how well the female has cared for her puppies, and you will have some idea of the size and temperament of her puppies once they become adults. It is best to wait until the puppy is about eight weeks old before taking him from his mother. Buy only from premises that appear clean (but don't expect conditions to be sterile) and where the dogs are happy and in good condition. Choose a puppy that is active and looks healthy and clean. There should be no discharge from the eyes or nose, the ears should be clean, and the gums should be a healthy pink color. Look for telltale signs of diarrhea under the tail and on the back legs. The puppy coat may be a little dull, but it should be clean and there should be no areas of irritation. Look for any deformities, and check the abdomen for any abnormal swelling such as an umbilical hernia. If in doubt, ask that the puppy be examined by your veterinarian. Don't buy a weak puppy because you feel sorry for it--you may find yourself with long-term problems and mounting veterinary bills. Although puppies may be a little wary of strangers at first, it is best to avoid a puppy that is nervous and cowers in the corner. The behaviour of the mother may be an indicator of how her puppies will behave as adults, so be wary if the mother is of a shy, nervous or aggressive disposition.
What you should expect?
Don't be offended if the breeder asks you about your own circumstances and plans for the puppy. This reflects a genuine concern for the welfare of the puppy, and can help you to avoid mistakes in the suitability of your choice. You should be provided with your puppy's signed pedigree document (if this is applicable) and his registration card and transfer form, although these may be sent afterward if there is a delay with registrations. Check which vaccinations and worming treatments your puppy has already received and how these are to be continued. Make sure that you are issued any relevant certificates. The breeder should also give you a written diet sheet telling you what foods, how much, and how often the puppy has been fed. You should keep to this diet for a few days before gradually weaning him onto the food with which you have decided to continue. The breeder may also give you some useful tips on the special care requirements of the breed. Within a few days, you should take your new puppy to be checked by your veterinarian, who will advise you on vaccinations, feeding, worming and general care.